Showing posts with label Exercises and Assignments. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Exercises and Assignments. Show all posts
The Bauhaus and the New Typography
The Bauhaus and the New Typography
Brent
Carnahan
Dada
and Russian Constructivism: Art is dead. Utopian Communist.
Haussmann depicts man/machine in Tatlin
at Home. International Constructivism includes mostly European artists.
Artist = engineer. Photo montage,
abstraction.
German
Espressionism: Language of feeling, emotion.
Expressionist Film:
UFA(largest film studio in Europe) known for expressionist films. Cabinet of Dr Caligari well known
film.
Metropolis: belief
in the machine
The
Arbeitsrat fur Kunst: (Workers’ Council for Art) 1918. Using art
to form a better society. Marxism. Walter Gropius leader of group.
Weimar
Bauhaus: Founded by Walter Gropius 1919(combined fine and applied
arts schools). Women excluded. Style inspired by architecture and
Gesamtkunstwerk.
Expressionism at the Bauhaus:
Lyonel Feininger, Johannes Itten(believed that form should express content)
Constructivism and the Bauhaus:
Theo van Doesburg worked with Bauhaus professors and students. “Turning away
from Utopia..”
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy:
Hungarian artist who moved to Berlin in 1921. Soon assumed control over Bauhaus
workshops. Refection of Expressionism and the artist. Artist as Engineer.
Frederick W. Taylor(ideas for improving industrial efficiency)”Taylorism”
The 1923 Exhibition: (Bauhaus
Exhibition) Art and technology. Machine aesthetic. Geometry and asymmetry.
Emphasis on typography. No decoration.
Women at the Bauhaus: 1919
no discrimination between genders. Textile department.
Political Problems:
Bauhaus tried to portray art as non political. Gropius rejects International
Constructivist style. Bauhaus seen as Socialists. Gropius closes Weimar Bauhaus
Dec. 1924.
Dessau
Bauhaus: Dessau hosts new Bauhaus 1925.
New Buildings:
Consist of dorms, workshops, and administrative offices. Planned by Gropius.
Used modern materials. Walls as enclosures of space. Simplistic, machine
aesthetic.
Herbert Bayer:
Head of department of typography and advertising. Constructivist style.
Conceptionaly Neoplatonist designs for Bauhaus journal.
“Typophoto” : termed
by Moholy-Nagy integrated photography with design arts. Created Bauhausbucher
(Bauhaus Books) Malerei Photographie Film( essays on photography) influential.
Depoliticization at the Bauhaus:
De-emphasize radical politics. Constructivism and the Proliteriate
Typography at the Bauhaus:
Geometric letterforms, sans serif type. Representative of platonic beauty.
Example, Bayer’s Universal. (rounded letterforms with equal thickness) conveyed
universality.
Paul Renner and Futura: Trained
as architect. Official typeface of Hanover.
The
New Typography: Term used by Maholy-Nagy in 1923. Jan
Tschichold established set of principles for type.
Die Neue Typographie: Published
by Tschichold about type rules.
Ring Neue Werbegestalter:
Circle of new advertising designers. Need to reconcile left and right wing
values.
Graphic Design is...
Brent Carnahan
Art 3450
Graphic design is the art of
communication. It is manipulating the
way we visualize the world. Design is
important in its effectiveness at expressing a message that may have been
easily overlooked before. With use of
basic art principles, the message is given impact and conviction. A good image will stick in the viewer’s mind
and perhaps change the subconscious. Form is very important in this process. However, intent is what gives the form
meaning. Without the meaning the work has little more than aesthetic value.
Graphic design comes about when a
message is communicated to a target audience by visual means. Often times a commissioner
will request an image to represent a company or an idea, and a designer will
find the most appropriate image to transmit this message. Graphic design is
also a form of art; designers may create images for creative purposes to express
themselves.
It is crucial to know design
history because it helps gauge what styles are appropriate and which ones are redundant. By studying the history of design one can
hope to learn how to create work that has timeless value and doesn’t depend on
current trends to make it impacting. We can also learn what has worked or not
worked for successful designers of the past to help avoid pitfalls and lead us
on a successful path.
Design opens doors to the viewer’s
imagination and plays with the subconscious.
To study how designers have employed this idea will help create a mental
library of valuable information, becoming practical when applied to our own
work. I believe that educating yourself on the history of design will also help
avoid duplicating others work, and promote a sense of integrity within our
own.
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